Everything about Huaynaputina totally explained
Huaynaputina (
Quechua: "New Volcano") is a
stratovolcano located in a volcanic upland in southern
Peru. The volcano doesn't have an identifiable mountain profile, but instead has the form of a large
volcanic crater. On
February 19,
1600, it exploded catastrophically (
Volcanic Explosivity Index or VEI 6), in the largest volcanic explosion in
South America in historic times. The eruption continued with a series of events into March. An account of the event was included in Fray
Antonio Vazquez de Espinosa's,
Compendio y Descripcion de las Indias which was translated into English, as
Compendium and description of the West Indies, in 1942.
When Huaynaputina exploded,
pyroclastic flows traveled 13 km to the east and southeast, and
lahars— volcanic mudflows— destroyed several villages and reached the coast of the
Pacific Ocean, a distance of 120 km. The eruption began with a
Plinian plume that extended into the
stratosphere, and the ashfall and accompanying
earthquakes caused substantial damage to the major cities of
Arequipa (70 km to the west) and
Moquegua.
Ashfall was reported 250–500 km away, throughout southern Peru, and in what is now northern
Chile and western
Bolivia. The ash layer now forms a useful
stratigraphic marker layer throughout Peru. The explosion had effects on climate around the
Northern Hemisphere, where 1601 was the coldest year in six centuries, leading to a famine in Russia. In
Greenland the
sulfuric acid spike was larger than that from
Krakatau (1883). Regional agricultural economies took 150 years to fully recover.
Further Information
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